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Objective To improve the training system of the combined education mode between professional master degree students of clinical medicine and resident standardization training (RST) in Zhe-jiang province, and improve the professional quality of medical graduate students. Methods A question-naire was designed through literature review and expert interview, and the data of 77 clinical training post-graduates were collected, and the effect of the training was evaluated by taking the reaction level, learning level, behavior level and achievement level of Ke's evaluation as the breakthrough point. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 20.0, and the mean score was used as the standard deviation. The scores were compared with t test, and the scores of multiple groups were made variance analysis. Results The RST attitude value in reaction layer was 9.26±1.08, RST content value was 29.29±4.36, RST teacher enthusiasm value was 11.13±2.17, RST experience value was 17.38±3.10, which indicated that residents' overall satisfaction to RST was high, but the satisfaction on teachers, evaluation and compensation was relatively low;The grade difference before and after RST in learning layer was statistically significant (P<0.05), indicating that before and after RST the grades were obviously improved, and the sense of belonging is high. The behave layer showed the residents' behavior changed obviously before and after RST (P<0.05), and their abilities in various aspects such as ward round and dealing with common diseases were largely improved;The result layer showed 77 graduate students had no medical accident and complaint , and all of them passed the annual assessment and participated in the research projects. Conclusion In general, RST graduate students are relatively satisfied with the plan, content and methods of the training, on the other hand, there are problems such as the absence of timely information feedback, teachers' poor enthusiasm, lack of effective competition mechanism, etc. Kirkpatrick Model made a comprehensive and objective eval-uation on graduate students RST from a overall perspective, and it can be introduced into the effectiveness evaluation for graduate students RST.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Huzhang on the progress of pulmonary fibrosis in rats, evaluate the role of Huzhang in this process and explore its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Wistar male rats were randomized into 7 groups (normal control group, model group, positive control group, prophylactic group, 3rd day treatment group, 7th day treatment group and 14th day treatment group). Bleomycin was administered by intratracheal injection to produce pulmonary fibrosis groups except the normal control group. The positive control group began to be given DXM (4 mL x kg(-1) x d(-1)) on the day of the model-making. The normal control group and model group were given NS (4 mL x kg(-1) x d(-1)) on the day of the model-making. The prophylactic group was given reagent (4 mL x kg(-1) x d(-1)) 2 days ahead of the model-making, whereas the 3rd day treatment group, the 7th day treatment group and the 14th day treatment group given the same dose respectively on the third day, the seventh day and the fourth day behind of the model-making. Lung tissue was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson's trichrome to determine the pathological grading. The lung fibroblast (LF) was cultured in vitro by way of pancreatic enzyme digestion, which was used to detect the contents of the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1mRNA with RT-PCR method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with those in the model group, the alveolitis, pulmonary fibrosis and collagen accumulation were significantly alleviated in the positive control group, Huzhang prophylactic group and each treatment groups. In the positive control group, Huzhang prophylactic group, the 3rd day treatment group, the 7th day treatment group and the 14th day treatment group, the expression of MMP-2 mRNA was weaker significantly than that in the BLM model group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) except that on the 42nd day. The expression of TIMP-1mRNA was also weaker significantly than that in the BLM model group at all set times in all treatment groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The inhibition of TIMP-1 lasted until the 42nd day.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Huzhang inhibited the expression of MMP-2mRNA and TIMP-1mRNA of lung fibroblast in different periods to reduce the alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis, which was probably one of the anti-fulmonary fiborsis mechanisms of Huzhang.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Disease Models, Animal , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Fibroblasts , Metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 , Genetics , Metabolism , Pulmonary Fibrosis , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Metabolism , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective:To study the Fanggan Decoction,s death prevention on mouse and inhibition effects on Influenza A virus in vivo.Methods:After setting up the model of mouse infected with Influenza A virus(H1N1),we observed the death prevention with Fanggan Decoction,done hemagglutination test and detected the dynamic contents of virus with Real-Time Fluorescence Quantitative RT-PCR.Results:Fanggan Decoction can prevent the death of infected mouse and delay the survival time.The death rate was 66.67%,33.33% and 25% respectively in low,middle and high dose of Fanggan Decoction groups and the average survival time was respectively 8.75 days,11.41 days and 12.33 days.Virus contents reached peak on the 5th day,while compared with the model group,virus contents were lower in each Fanggan Decoction groups,especial in the middle and high dose groups.Conclusion:Fanggan Decoction had good effect in inhibiting Influenza A virus,and can prevent the death of infected mouse,delay the survival time,while get better antivirus dose-effect relationship at double dose.
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Chief Physician WANG Hui-reng is one of the second batch of national prestigious TCM experts. He has been engaged in medical services over 40 years and is adept in preventing and treating the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) under the direction of prophylactic treatment, which emphasizes the control of risky factors of COPD, striving for protecting the healthy body, preventing the transmission of the disease and the recurrence after healing.
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Objective: To study the effects of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati on expression of transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-?1) in rats with pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin.Method: 120 male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: the control group(n=30),the bleomycin(BLM) model group(n=30),the Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati prophylactic group(n=30),the 7 th day treatment group(n=20) and the 28 th day treatment group(n=10).The rat models of pulmonary fibrosis were established by intratracheal injection of bleomycin, while the control group was given with normal saline instead.The Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati prophylactic group received intragastric administration with 4ml?kg-1?d-1 Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati 2 days before setting up models.The 7 th day treatment group and the 28 th day treatment group received the treatment on the seventh day and the twenty-eighth days after establishing models respectively.The other two groups received saline instead.On the 3rd,7th,14th,28th,42th and 56th day after instillation of bleomycin,lung samples were obtained and the content of hydroxyproline in lung tissue homogenate was detected to judge the degree of fibrosis and the therapeutic efficacy.At the same time the express of TGF-?1mRNA and TGF-?1 protein was examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical method.Results: Compared with the model group,the content of hydroxyproline in the Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati prophylactic group and the 7th day treatment group decreased significantly(P